Based on a widely accepted view, the spread of Christianity in Indonesia was backed up by Dutch intervention. This article argues that the assumption is not entirely right. In some regions, the Dutch colonial and European settlers paid little attention to Christian missions. Garut, for example, was a city in the Priangan Residence that served as an economic center for the Dutch. Islamic influence was very strong in Garut. Therefore, when the NZV reached Garut in 1899, it received no support (...) from the Dutch colonial administration. The effort to spread Protestant Christianity was initiated by the Chinese people. The strong Islamic influence in Garut became the main barrier preventing people's conversion to Christianity. Even though at the beginning of the 20th century there was no direct resistance, but secretly the Islamic leaders fought back by building negative perceptions of both the Netherlands and Christianity by labeling them as kafir and unclean. (shrink)

On philosophy of soul from Islamic and scientific perspectives.

On journalistic ethics on covering the news of oil and gas in Indonesia.

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a collection of symptoms that arise in pregnant women caused by an increase in blood glucose levels due to a progressive decrease in insulin secretion, variables that influence the incidence of gestational diabetes include age, history of diabetes mellitus, can occur at any time, but this disease usually begins to attack in the 24th week of pregnancy. The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia is still relatively small, namely around 3-5%, but this figure could (...) be higher because cases of GDM are rarely detected. Even though it can heal on its own, that doesn't mean gestational diabetes is not dangerous. If not treated properly, this disease can increase the risk of the baby being born with excess weight, being born prematurely, or being born with low blood sugar or hypoglycemia. For pregnant women, gestational diabetes has the potential to cause complications, such as preeclampsia and hypertension. In Indonesia, all pregnant women are recommended to undergo DMG screening. However, not many pregnant women do this. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the perceptions of pregnant women and the behavior of early detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the Plumbon health center, Indramayu Regency in 2024. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The respondents in this study were 107 pregnant women who lived in the working area of the Plumbon Health Center, Indramayu Regency and used health services at the health center in 2024. Samples were taken using the Accidental Sampling technique, a technique for determining samples based on chance, namely any patient who happened to meet the researcher. and data were analyzed univariate and bivariate. The results of the research show that the characteristics of respondents, namely age, education, employment and income, do not have a significant relationship with early detection behavior of GDM, however, the perception of pregnant women with behavior of early detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus has a significant relationship as does mother's knowledge of early detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. have a significant relationship. (shrink)

Background: Food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors involve the process of employing biotechnology to enhance the nutritional content of crops during their growth process. Biofortification makes foods even more nutritious and highly functional for addressing malnutrition among children. These practices in farming industries need guidance and legal support from various national policies to support high-quality supplies of school meals fully. Aim: This study aims to analyze the association between various national policies and the implementation of food biofortification practices in agricultural (...) sectors among countries implementing school meal programs. Methods: The Bayesian Mindsponge Framework, combining the reasoning strengths of Mindsponge Theory and inference advantages of Bayesian analysis, was employed on a dataset of 126 government representatives who manage large-scale school meal programs in 126 different countries. Results: Findings showed that food safety policy was positively associated with food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors among countries implementing school meal programs. In contrast, nutrition policy had a significant negative association with these practices. Additionally, policies of school feeding, health, agriculture, and the private sector had unclear associations with food biofortification. Conclusions: Findings underscore the strong position of food safety policy in guiding food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors among countries implementing school meal programs. There is a need to re-assess the implemented nutrition policy due to its significant negative association with these practices. Enhancing and strengthening the policies of school feeding, health, agriculture, and the private sector may increase their potencies in giving positive impacts on food biofortification practices in agricultural sectors to ensure high-quality school meal supplies. (shrink)

The following book Social Justice: A Sketch of the West and Islamic World Experiences contains a collection of articles that may be read individually, each concerned with the same issues of social justice. The writers in this book originate from the Western and Islamic World’s countries. All have agreed to explore and contribute to understanding social justice in each pertinent countries’ experiences. The problems being addressed are either descriptive or valuational and, in most cases, are the combination of both. All (...) articles presented in this collection are mainly a reexamination of social justice ideals from the authors’ viewpoints and experiences and how the ideals may be applicable and considered relevant to a particular problem faced by the respective countries. As its generic meaning is commonly recognized, all authors see that social justice is the most fundamental virtue, crucially providential, to be the basis of interpersonal relations ordering and establishing and maintaining a stable political society. While the nature, origin, and legitimate application of social justice are a thing that may be debatable, all authors in this book concur with the notion that there is a need to struggle for a just society. This idea may be best developed to respect persons as free, rational agents without ignoring the particularities of its communities’ challenges, characters, and identities. (shrink)

The rise of religious conservatism following the 1998 reformasi has altered the face of Indonesian Islam, which has historically been regarded as peaceful and inclusive, which is why the Indonesian government has advocated for moderate Islam on a regional, national and even a global scale. Using West Java as a case study, this article presents the 2019 'English for Ulama' initiative, which intends to train ulama in West Java about the concept of moderate Islam before sending them to the United (...) Kingdom to promote moderate Islamic discourse in a global setting. This study demonstrates that the EFU programme is a strategic project that not only benefits West Javanese ulama regionally, where they may develop networks with other Muslims on a worldwide scale, but also benefits from the national development of moderate Islamic discourse. On a global scale, this programme is one of the best examples of moderate Islamic discourse diplomacy as the nature of Indonesian Islam. Furthermore, supporting moderate Islam on a worldwide scale is likely to influence Western society's view of Islamophobia. CONTRIBUTION: Although the EFU programme is a local government initiative, it has contributed to the promotion of moderate Islam at the world level and is framed as global diplomacy. (shrink)

This article discusses the factors that confer a contemplative atmosphere to the village of Girilayu and stimulate local artisans to create batik motifs that contain symbolic philosophical meanings that confer ethical values to batik making while adapting to contemporary design and technological processes. Since 2016, Mbok Semok batik has struggled to preserve local traditions and patterns that stimulate contemplation in its designs. The paper is based an ethnographic approach involving data collection from Girilayu batik artisans; later analyzed using a phenomenological (...) approach in order to describe the correlation between design and contemplative philosophical meaning in Mbok Semok. Thus, the paper functions as an example of the need to articulate local ethical practices with technological change in a way that grounds harmony in human relationships with the environment and the supernatural beyond. (shrink)

The increasing Islamophobia in the Western world is worsened not only by global political issues but also by the stance of Muslims, who are perceived as exclusive and ethnocentric, particularly in the Australian context. This article outlines the strategies used by Indonesian Muslims in Australia to deal with the Islamophobic discourse, namely enhancing religious engagement to enhance solidarity and social cohesion between them and increasing civic engagement as an assimilation attempt with Australians. Religious engagement is carried out through enhancing Islamic (...) lecture activities to promote a more moderate and open understanding of Islam. Meanwhile, civic engagement activities included increasing social involvement as a form of community service, collaborating more with other communities as a form of collective action, jointly proposing political policies as a form of political involvement, and working with Australians to create a better future as manifestations of civic engagement in the context of social change. CONTRIBUTION: Although Islamophobia is mostly a political issue, the Indonesian Muslim community in Australia views it as a chance to open up and demonstrate to the Australian community that they can work together in a broader kind of civic engagement. (shrink)

Este artículo explicó la instigación en el Derecho penal panameño. Desde el Código Penal de Panamá, hasta los principales autores panameños sobre Derecho Penal General. También se explicó la necesidad que el instigador no tenga el dominio del hecho, porque de lo contrario, sería autor y no partícipe. Para esto, se utilizó técnicas de revisión de fuentes bibliográficas panameñas e internacionales y de fuentes normativas nacionales. En la misma se llegó a la conclusión, entre otras, que, en Panamá, es instigador (...) aquella persona que determina a otra de manera dolosa a la realización de un hecho delictivo doloso, incluida la tentativa de dicho delito. (shrink)

The low commitment and meaning of life can be caused by many, but they potentially occur because people in an institution do not know what they get from their work other than just money; people become unhappy with their work, then get bored and uncomfortable at work, apathetic, and ultimately unproductive. An institution that implements workplace spirituality will make people feel connected and meaningful at work. The purpose of this study is to explain how the values of WS can increase (...) staff’s commitment and meaning of life at the institutions. The results of this study indicate that the WS can increase the commitment and meaning of the life of employees in the institution's through several things. First, the value which can increase work commitment is value of togetherness, responsibility, justice, trust, sincerity, integrity, innovative, and professional. Second, the meaning of work for them is a moral call, a form of gratitude, fulfillment, worship, self-actualization, the command of Allahswt, and doing the main duty. Third, the efforts made by the staff are: to build a working atmosphere with workplace culture and climate, improve the quality of institutions by making research and recruiting qualified lecturers,conducting useful activities, adding infrastructure to support activities, friendly communication, social media as means of socialization, religious or coaching and motivation training, oblige Zuhur prayers in congregation, and cooperate with others. Fourth, the impact of workplace spirituality for employees is to feel proud of their institution, to feel comfortable and to have intimacy, to have well self-actualization, to be more productive in their work, to maintain altitude, leadership that refers to the pattern of politics alone will decrease the quality of the institution, mutual visit and sharing information or giving advise, positive activities coloring each institution, and adding enthusiasm to work. (shrink)

Freedom of expression on social media is sometimes carried out unethically and often undermines religious symbols, resulting in friction and destructive actions. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the polarisation of religious conflict in cyberspace and the process of diffusion of religious conflict from the virtual world to the real world. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted in Central Java, namely, in the cities of Solo and Semarang. The results of the study (...) show that the process of diffusion of religious conflict from the virtual world to the real world occurs through the stages of information sharing and conflict initiation, equalisation of perceptions, virtual community support, virtual action and real action. Therefore, to anticipate virtual conflicts, it is necessary to have filters from authorised authorities such as administrators, website managers or law enforcement officials. In addition, there needs to be regulatory support related to provocation in cyberspace, so as to minimise the emergence of conflicts in cyberspace. Contribution: This research contributes to anticipating virtual conflicts before they actually occur. (shrink)

Centhini manuscript is one of the ancient manuscripts from Kesultanan Surakarta Hadiningrat in the 19th century which has had a role in the cultural and ecological aspects in regulating the use of teakwood. Therefore, deep study into utilization of teak wood in Centhini Manuscript will be conducted as cultural heritage from Indonesia. Narrative methods is used in this research to present thematic results. Direct observation is conducted on various artifacts to analyze the symbolic value of teakwood. The results show that (...) in the past, religious considerations, alertness and well-being is an important factor in the selection of teak in the Javanese community. Selection of teak is carried out strictly as accountability to the environment. The purpose of this research is to build cultural values as strategy on teak wood utilization in Indonesia and to develop ecology-minded design in the future. (shrink)

The dehumanisation of women has been recorded in world history. In religions one can easily find interpretations that tend to be discriminatory against women. This research aims to see the humanisation of women in the Tafsir Faidh Ar-Rahman by Kiai Sholeh Darat towards the position of women in Islam. This research is a library research. Data collection was done through documentation. Furthermore, the data were analysed qualitatively by a descriptive method. The results of the study showed that. The humanisation of (...) women in the Tafsir Faidh Ar-Rahmân by Kiai Sholeh Darat on the position of women in Islam is; he emphasised that women have an equal position with men. In terms of inheritance, Kyai Sholeh Darat wanted flexibility in understanding the verse regarding the portion of inheritance 2:1 so that the provisions can adapt according to the situation. In certain contexts, women may get the same share as men. Contribution: The thoughts of Kiai Sholeh Darat have contributed to being one of the references in looking at women’s issues in Islam objectively. (shrink)

This study aimed to analyse the contribution of infaq funds to the social and economic resilience of the community during the COVID-19 pandemic in West Papua, Indonesia. This study uses a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative studies. Qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with administrators, Dai [Islamic preacher] and mosque congregations to obtain information about the form and mechanism for disbursing infaq funds. Furthermore, the state of distribution of infaq funds is confirmed to the recipient community with (...) an online survey as quantitative data. The data obtained were tabulated and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using multiple linear regression assisted by SPSS software 25 version. The research findings show that: firstly, the form of the social-economic contribution of infaq funds is carried out by: (1) financial assistance, (2) social assistance, and (3) health assistance. Secondly, infaq, an instrument of Islamic economics, can contribute to tackling the social and economic impacts of the community amid the COVID-19 outbreak. Thirdly, of the three forms of assistance provided, the health assistance aspect contributed 38.320%, the financial assistance aspect amounted to 37.173% and 24.339% to social assistance. This study shows that the community most needed health and financial assistance from infaq funds during the COVID-19 pandemic.Contribution: This study complements the existing literature and provides a new scientific treasure. That the infaq fund, as a philanthropy, turned out to be able to contribute to realising the social-economic resilience of the community during a disease outbreak. The form of health, financial and social assistance from infaq funds is a priority in accelerating the community’s economic recovery. It can be a countermeasure to socio-economic impacts during disasters and disease outbreaks. (shrink)

Apart from being commonly understood as a symbol of religious identity, full-face veils (burqa) are also a process through which women redefine their bodies and social status. This article investigates Indonesian women’s commitment to wearing burqa after their work migration in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It focuses on the signification and the redefinition of the body through hijrah (transformation). In-depth interviews conducted with nine Indonesian women migrant workers (WMWs) revealed that this hijrah process characterised by the wearing of the burqa (...) is not always motivated by a religiously radical mindset but more likely by practical considerations aiming to create a sense of security and comfort while working overseas. The burqa is perceived as a symbolic shift in body definition: from being a source of harm, to piety and privilege, paving the way for women to join an emerging elite community, rendering them a new noble and influential social status through socio-religious activities. This study recommends that further research on WMWs in the Middle East needs to acquire a more comprehensive picture taking into account its complexity.Contribution: Beyond the symbolic religious identity, burqa wearing is also a form of political participation. It illustrates women’s agency and transformation in redefining their bodies, public space, authority and public recognition. (shrink)

Meu objetivo neste artigo é defender que podem ser atribuídos sentidos distintos para os termos “vontade” e “volição” na filosofia de Hume. Ao contrário das interpretações tradicionais, sustento que Hume não identifica vontade e volição. Inicialmente, apresento argumentos de Hobbes e Locke contra a concepção escolástica sobre a produção de ações voluntárias e defendo que Hume associa-se a esses dois filósofos. A seguir, apresento os argumentos da interpretação tradicional que identifica vontade e volição na filosofia humeana e também algumas objeções (...) feitas a tais argumentos. Por fim, em oposição à interpretação tradicional, defendo que Hume acredita que a vontade pode ser compreendida como a faculdade pela qual produzimos ações voluntárias e que volições são paixões motivacionais em exercício. As paixões motivacionais que produzem ações são volições, que é a percepção pela qual produzimos ações voluntárias. (shrink)

Desde 2019, está em pauta no Brasil a discussão sobre o Ensino de Filosofia como campo de conhecimento ou subárea de pesquisa. Trata-se de um debate que envolve, até o momento, o mapeamento das produções bibliográficas sobre o tema, a discussão sobre o estatuto epistemológico do campo e, igualmente, sobre os aspectos político-institucionais envolvidos no processo de busca de cidadania filosófica para a subárea em questão. O presente artigo propõe problematizar o campo do Ensino de Filosofia a partir de uma (...) nova perspectiva, a saber: quais as objeções usualmente feitas à institucionalização da subárea de pesquisa em voga? De modo resumido, as referidas objeções concentram-se em: advogar contra o caráter filosófico do campo; defender a crivo acadêmico-científico natureza estritamente profissional da subárea; alertar para uma maior fragmentação do conhecimento; recear que o Ensino de Filosofia se torne refém do crivo acadêmico-científico, relegando a sua dimensão formativa – seu potencial experiencial, estético e político – a um segundo plano. A reconstituição dos argumentos que apresentam senões ao reconhecimento institucional do campo de conhecimento Ensino de Filosofia será a base para problematizações – em uma tentativa de, a partir de contra-argumentos, dar (ainda) maior complexidade ao debate. (shrink)

À pergunta "O estudo de história da filosofia é de algum interesse para a própria filosofia?", diferentes são as respostas. Tomando-se como referência a defesa merleau-pontyana de uma intrínseca relação entre filosofia e história da filosofia e, particularmente, as ideias de Merleau-Ponty contidas no excerto "A Filosofia e o ‘Fora’", o presente artigo procurará subsidiar a tese de um ensino filosófico da filosofia. Objetiva, pois, encontrar argumentos subjacentes à tese de uma história filosófica da filosofia para fundamentar as relações entre (...) a filosofia e seu ensino. There are different answers to the following question: "Is there any interest, to philosophy itself, on the study of history of philosophy? Considering Merleau-Ponty’s argument of an intrinsic relationship between philosophy and history of philosophy, and, particularly his ideas contained in the excerpt "Philosophy and the Outside", this article will support the thesis of a philosophical teaching of philosophy. It aims, therefore, to find arguments underlying the thesis of a philosophical history of philosophy to substantiate the relationship between philosophy and its teaching. (shrink)

Sintetiza parte da pesquisa que a autora vem desenvolvendo sobre a possibilidade de ministrar conteúdos lógicos sob um viés essencialmente informal. Por conseguinte, procura fundamentar a importância da inclusão de conceitos de lógica no Ensino Médio.

Language experience clearly affects the perception of speech, but little is known about whether these differences in perception extend to non-speech sounds. In this study, we investigated rhythmic perception of non-linguistic sounds in speakers of French and German using a grouping task, in which complexity was manipulated. In this task, participants grouped sequences of auditory chimeras formed from musical instruments. These chimeras mimic the complexity of speech without being speech. We found that, while showing the same overall grouping preferences, the (...) German speakers showed stronger biases than the French speakers in grouping complex sequences. Sound variability reduced all participants’ biases, resulting in the French group showing no grouping preference for the most variable sequences, though this reduction was attenuated by musical experience. In sum, this study demonstrates that linguistic experience, musical experience, and complexity affect rhythmic grouping of non-linguistic sounds and suggests that experience with acoustic cues in a meaningful context is necessary for developing a robust grouping preference that survives acoustic variability. (shrink)

The intrusive state has long viewed women as fetal containers. TheDobbsdecision goes further, essentially causing women to vanish when fetuses are abstracted from their relationships to pregnant persons. The ways in which women are first controlled and then made invisible are clearly connected with the move from obedience to omission that has historically affected black Americans. When personal decisionmaking and participation in democracy are regarded as threats, those threatened restrict decisional freedom and political power, deepening structural injustices relating to sex, (...) race, and poverty. Fear ofDobbshas health effects on conditions unrelated to pregnancy and connects with erasures of human value that are not health-related. We reaffirm solidarity as a countering influence. Taking account of the richly relational context in which issues like abortion and political representation arise should lead to better, more meaningful policies, making so many people impossible to unsee. (shrink)

A growing group of institutional investors use divestment strategically to deter misconducts that are harmful for the climate and society. Based on Kantian ethics, we propose that divestment represents investors’ universal and absolute moral commitment to socially responsible investing (SRI). Following categorical and hypothetical imperatives and reciprocity as a norm, we hypothesize how institutional investors’ commit to SRI through a divestment strategy against ethically reprehensible behaviour of banks, especially when these investors represent banks themselves. Using a hand-collected database of the (...) revelation dates of enforcement actions on banks, we find evidence that banks are less likely to divest equity holding on banks with misconduct (fined banks) than their non-bank institutional investors peers. Banks that commit to invest responsibly by signing for the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) are not significantly more likely to divest on fined banks stocks than non-signatory banks. Moreover, divestment of fined banks whose own legitimacy to operate is in question is not significantly different from non-fined banks divestment. We find that European banks are more inclined to sell their holdings permanently on fined banks than their United States peers. Therefore, bank’s moral commitment to SRI via divestments is influenced more by cultural and reciprocity norms than their moral commitment to participate in the PRI. (shrink)

In the Independent Campus Learning Program [Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM)], the 5-1-2 learning pattern is used in the undergraduate program. In implementing this pattern, curriculum coherence is needed between study programs and between institutions. A model for developing a curriculum based on local wisdom and multiculturalism was created to improve the micro-skills of program graduates. A model for developing a curriculum based on local wisdom and multiculturalism was created to improve the micro-skills of program graduates. A model for developing (...) a curriculum based on local wisdom and multiculturalism was created to improve the micro-skills of program graduates. In order to attain the objective, a hierarchical pattern of relationships is employed, beginning with the central construct, primary dimension, and indicator. A structural Equation Model (SEM) is used to analyse the relationship between variables, while an inductive approach is used for exploratory purposes to identify factors. In order to evaluate the dependability of the model, a study was conducted at two different universities in Indonesia: Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University in Serang, Banten Province, and Galuh Ciamis University in West Java Province. The study involved testing the coherence of the curriculum of various programs at both universities and evaluating the micro-skills of graduates who had participated in the MBKM program. Samples from the 4 study programs implementing MBKM at the two universities were used to test curriculum coherence. Then, to determine the increase in graduates' micro-skills, a sample of 70 students was used. The results of the analysis show that curriculum development has a direct effect on improving graduates' micro-skills. In developing the curriculum, three factors strengthen micro skills improvement: development of knowledge, responsiveness to technological developments, and relevance to needs. (shrink)